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Clinical Implications of Semaglutide for Obesity Care
Semaglutide caused 2 times greater weight loss than liraglutide. In a 20 week trial, a dose of 2.4 mg Semaglutide per week with no lifestyle interventions resulted in up to 7% weight loss in adults with obesity. The superior efficacy demonstrates GLP-1 signaling is a powerful tool & effective target for obesity, providing a new opportunity to control obesity and its medical complications.
Hypoglycemia, Glycemic Variability & Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk in Insulin-Treated Patients with T2D
Implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) of Insulin-treated patients with T2D detected 724 episodes of clinically relevant arrhythmias in 57% of patients with atrial fibrillation. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during the night was directly proportional to the increasing glycemic variability. So arrhythmias in T2D patients on insulin were associated with glycemic variability, not hypoglycemia.
2012 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Guidelines Update - Reduced rates of heart Failure Hospital
The 2012 cardiac resynchronization therapy guidelines were modified to include left bundle branch block (LBBB) as a Class I indication for implant. HHF showed substantial reduction post update. Mortality alone was not substantially decreased. Presence of LBBB, history of previous device implant and implantation after guidelines were substantial multivariate predictors of reduced HHF risk.
High/Normal Carbohydrate Intake Optimises Performance and Glycemia
Consuming a high Carb diet after exercise increased the resting muscle glycogen concentration, a 13 g/Kg increase in a 36 hours period compared to a 3g/Kg in a low carb diet. A high CHO diet enhances endurance performance, cell signaling, gene expression, enzymatic changes, lipid oxidation and  overall performance. 
Association of Lipid Levels with COVID-19 Risk
The severity of COVID-19 infection and lipid levels outcomes shown by various studies suggests that an increased risk of death was inversely related to HDL C and apolipoproteins A1 Levels. Increased LDL C and apolipoproteins B levels were not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infections. While low HDL levels were linked to increased COVID-19 susceptibility.
Diabetic Kidney Disease - What is on the Horizon?
A large cohort study revealed that patients undergoing bariatric surgeries had 67% reduction in the incidence of renal endpoint over an 18 year follow-up period. RAASi, SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA and lifestyle modifications have all had a positive effect on the outcomes and can be used as effective strategies to improve renal outcomes in DKD patients.
Heart Failure in Diabetes - New Therapeutic Insights
Biyem Bozkurt, a heart failure specialist from Houston, presented newer insights on heart failure risk associated with Diabetes, which is a major risk factor. Firstly considering the poor glycemic control factor wherein a 1% increase in HbA1c increases chances of HF by 8%. Various guidelines such as ADA, AACE/ACE etc. support use of SGLT2i to reduce HF risk in patients with T2D.
Predictors of Cardiac Surgery Outcome with Pulmonary HTN Undergoing Mitral and Tricuspid Valve
Left ventricular ejection fraction and etiology of MV disease showed substantial correlation with post-op survival, respiratory failure and renal failure. Right ventricular size was predictive of survival only and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was correlated with respiratory failure only. Etiology above are prognostic factors of MV and TV surgery.  
Perioperative Cardiometabolic Targets and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Mortality
A study examined the relationship between cardiometabolic perioperative optimization and mortality after coronary bypass surgery. Failure to reach systolic BP target was correlated with an increased 3yr cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Perioperative statin showed a protective effect on both. BP control and statin were 2 significant determinants for cardiovascular & all-cause mortality.
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure Change with Passive Leg Raise Discriminates Pulmonary Hypertension-l
Patients were classified into 2 groups, PH from left heart disease and PAH. Compare to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure at rest, PLR increased PAWP in both groups. PLR causes an increase in PAWP in both LHD and PAH because of preload increase with improved venous return in patients with PH. But disproportionate increase in PAWP with PLR in LHD could help differentiate it from PAH. 
Imaging to Identify Changes in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension of Incremental Stages
Analyses of right ventricular function with 2D & 3D Echo to diagnose RV strain in incremental stages of pulmonary hypertension. RV radial shortening was affected in early stage of PH. RVmidFS, RVdFS, FAC are more sensitive to detect this change in mild PH. Longitudinal contraction is affected in more advanced stages. Current 3D RVEF method may not be sensitive enough to detect RV strain.
Sex Differences in the Genetic Risk for Hypertension
The study sought to analyse sex-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict hypertension. The PRS was highly correlated with incident hypertension in women than in men. The difference between women and men was even greater for early-onset hypertension. It was concluded that women showed more distinguishing genetic risk of hypertension than men.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Across the Glycemic Spectrum
Analysis of risks of diverse cardiorenal outcomes across the glycemic spectrum was done. Results showed that at least 1 outcome occurred in 28,530 adults w/o diabetes, 8729 with prediabetes & 4137 with T2D. It was concluded that cardiorenal disorder happened in individuals with HbA1c levels below the threshold for diabetes, highlighting the requirement for screening and preventive strategies.
Impact of Completeness of Revascularisation On Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Stable Ischemic HD
A study examined the frequency and outcomes of anatomic complete revascularization (CR) and ischemic/ functional CR compared with incomplete revascularization (ICR) in patients treated with an invasive approach. Anatomic and functional CR were achieved in 43.3% and 58.3% of patients resp. It was concluded that ACR was more strongly correlated with improved outcomes than FCR. 
Hyperinvasive Approach in Refractory Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: Prague OHCA Study
A study was conducted for comparison of hyperinvasive approach (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and immediate invasive assessment) to standard treatment in OHCA. An advantageous impact was observed in 30-day neurological outcomes, 180-day mortality. It was concluded that the hyperinvasive approach is feasible and effective treatment strategy in refractory OHCA. 
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control Trial in Patients with Heart Failure
An examination of rhythm control with ablation decreases all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Patients in the ablation-based rhythm control group showed numerically fewer primary outcome events, and higher improvement of left ventricular function, quality of life and reduction of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Does HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction Have a Different Prognosis?
The study compared patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) vs. heart failure with a reduced left ventricular fraction (HFrEF). No significant differences were observed. Patients with HFrEF showed reduced right ventricular function than HFPEF. Survival was lower in patients with HFrEF. It was concluded that patients with HFPEF have poor prognosis.
CABG Improves 10 Year Outcomes in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
The effect of CABG in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). In the normal, HFPEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups, the composite of HF hospitalisation and mortality was 18 +/- 0.5 percent, 21 +/- 1.6 percent, 35 +/- 1%, and 43 +/- 1%, respectively. CABG may benefit patients with HFPEF and coronary artery disease.  
Physical Activity Correlates with Cardiovascular Function Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
The study hypothesized that cardiomyopathy (CM) and skeletal muscle activity are directly related. Less active subjects, with more time in Sed-1 activities, had lower LVEF and LVCI. Non-ambulatory patients had a stronger correlation with LVEF and ambulatory patients with LVCI. Reduced activity could more contribute to CM pathogenesis.
New Onset Ventricular Arrhythmias Following tPVR in the Native Right Ventricular Outflow tract
A study sought to analyse the incidence of and risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias (VA) occurrence & VA persistence after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in dysfunctional native right ventricular outflow tracts (nRVOT). 26/78 patients (33.3%) showed VA occurrence. VA were benign and transient. Patients with a transannular patch in the RVOT showed overall lower VA burden.