Body Weight may Influence Beneficial Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With Diabetes
Researchers coducted a meta-regression analysis of 5 studies (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, DECLARE TIMI-58, CREDENCE and VERTIS CV) including 46,969 patients. It clearly demonstrates that in CV outcomes trials with SGLT2 inhibitors for individuals with type 2 diabetes, body weight is a covariate that is integrally linked to cardiovascular death and heart failure. However, the hypothesis needs further study.
Choose Best Glucose-Lowering Drugs for T2D! Check Out The Results of GRADE Study
A study evaluated effectiveness of insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin in 5047 patients with T2D. All 4 medications, when added to metformin, decreased glycosylated hemoglobin levels 0.3 percentage points. Glargine and liraglutide were more effective for maintaining targeted glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Hypoglycemia was more prevalent with glimepiride.
Kerendia is Recommended for Kidney Disease Associated With Diabetes
AACE has issued a grade-A recommendation to use Kerendia for certain patients with chronic kidney disease associated with T2D. Earlier this month, the American Diabetes Association recommended finerenone for patients who have an eGFR of 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30 mg/g despite receiving the maximum tolerated dose of a renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor.
Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome May Develop Type 2 Diabetes Earlier
An observational study enrolled 1112 women at age 18 to 32 years and were followed for 30 years. During follow-up, type 2 diabetes was diagnosed for 33.3% of women with PCOS and 22.1% of women without PCOS. Women with PCOS were more likely to develop T2D. They also developed hypertension and hyperlipidemia earlier than those without PCOS. Further research in larger sample sizes will be required.
Regular Metformin Use Slows Knee Osteoarthritis Progression in Patients With Diabetes
Patients with T2D who use metformin regularly has slow knee osteoarthritis progression. Metformin also reduces inflammation and plasma lipids levels. Its mechanism on the reduction of pain intensity in many inflammatory disorders is explained by its inhibitory effects on the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, reducing the level of cytokines including TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and adipokines.
HbA1c <7% is Recommended to Prevent Retinopathy, Nephropathy in Patients With T1D
447 people with T1D younger than 35 years were followed for 32 years. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macroalbuminuria prevalence increased as HbA1c increased to more than 9.5%. Those with near normal HbA1c did not have retinopathy or macroalbuminuria. The study highlights the importance of maintaining HbA1c lower than 7% to avoid complications for people with T1D.
Enterovirus Infection is Linked to Type 1 Diabetes
A meta-analysis found that enterovirus infection is associated with type 1 diabetes and islet autoimmunity. The virus may affect the functions of the host cell, inducing β cell death, decreasing insulin mRNA expression and insulin secretion, and disrupting the Golgi apparatus. The study provide a scientific basis for the possible prevention of T1D through vaccines and other means.
Certain Dairy Products are Associated With Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
A study presented at the annual meeting of EASD conference in Sep. revealed that dairy foods might offer protection against T2D or have no effect on its onset. Consumption of 200 g of milk lowered T2D risk by 10%, and 100 g yogurt correlated with a 6% risk reduction. However, cheese and full-fat dairy had no effect on T2D risk. The quality of the evidence was low to moderate, though.
Drinking 4 Cups of Tea Reduces the Risk of Diabetes
A recent study showed that drinking at least 4 cups of black, green or Oolong tea daily reduced the risk of developing T2D by 17% over the period of 10 years. Other studies found that drinking tea also lowered the risk of heart disease, stroke, and overall mortality. Antioxidants in tea could reduce inflammation and oxidative stress which protect cells from damage, warding off disease.
Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes May Alter the Gut Microbiome Composition
Research published in the Diabetes Journal found that the gut microbiome is altered in people with (long-standing) type 1 diabetes, while diversity is not affected. Around 43 bacterial taxa were significantly depleted in participants with T1D, whereas 37 bacterial species were enriched. Changes in the gut microbiome are associated with glycemic control and disease-related complications.
Could Oral Semaglutide Be a Magic Bullet for Type 2 Diabetes?
Oral semaglutide, which was approved in the US in Sep 2019, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for patients with Type 2 Diabetes. In PIONEER trial, oral semaglutide 14 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo, empagliflozin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, and dulaglutide. The oral semaglutide group lost considerably more weight than the placebo, sitagliptin, and liraglutide groups.
