Association of Lipid Levels with COVID-19 Risk
The severity of COVID-19 infection and lipid levels outcomes shown by various studies suggests that an increased risk of death was inversely related to HDL C and apolipoproteins A1 Levels. Increased LDL C and apolipoproteins B levels were not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infections. While low HDL levels were linked to increased COVID-19 susceptibility.
Diabetic Kidney Disease - What is on the Horizon?
A large cohort study revealed that patients undergoing bariatric surgeries had 67% reduction in the incidence of renal endpoint over an 18 year follow-up period. RAASi, SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA and lifestyle modifications have all had a positive effect on the outcomes and can be used as effective strategies to improve renal outcomes in DKD patients.
Heart Failure in Diabetes - New Therapeutic Insights
Biyem Bozkurt, a heart failure specialist from Houston, presented newer insights on heart failure risk associated with Diabetes, which is a major risk factor. Firstly considering the poor glycemic control factor wherein a 1% increase in HbA1c increases chances of HF by 8%. Various guidelines such as ADA, AACE/ACE etc. support use of SGLT2i to reduce HF risk in patients with T2D.
Predictors of Cardiac Surgery Outcome with Pulmonary HTN Undergoing Mitral and Tricuspid Valve
Left ventricular ejection fraction and etiology of MV disease showed substantial correlation with post-op survival, respiratory failure and renal failure. Right ventricular size was predictive of survival only and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was correlated with respiratory failure only. Etiology above are prognostic factors of MV and TV surgery.
Perioperative Cardiometabolic Targets and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Mortality
A study examined the relationship between cardiometabolic perioperative optimization and mortality after coronary bypass surgery. Failure to reach systolic BP target was correlated with an increased 3yr cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Perioperative statin showed a protective effect on both. BP control and statin were 2 significant determinants for cardiovascular & all-cause mortality.
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure Change with Passive Leg Raise Discriminates Pulmonary Hypertension-l
Patients were classified into 2 groups, PH from left heart disease and PAH. Compare to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure at rest, PLR increased PAWP in both groups. PLR causes an increase in PAWP in both LHD and PAH because of preload increase with improved venous return in patients with PH. But disproportionate increase in PAWP with PLR in LHD could help differentiate it from PAH.
Imaging to Identify Changes in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension of Incremental Stages
Analyses of right ventricular function with 2D & 3D Echo to diagnose RV strain in incremental stages of pulmonary hypertension. RV radial shortening was affected in early stage of PH. RVmidFS, RVdFS, FAC are more sensitive to detect this change in mild PH. Longitudinal contraction is affected in more advanced stages. Current 3D RVEF method may not be sensitive enough to detect RV strain.
Sex Differences in the Genetic Risk for Hypertension
The study sought to analyse sex-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict hypertension. The PRS was highly correlated with incident hypertension in women than in men. The difference between women and men was even greater for early-onset hypertension. It was concluded that women showed more distinguishing genetic risk of hypertension than men.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Across the Glycemic Spectrum
Analysis of risks of diverse cardiorenal outcomes across the glycemic spectrum was done. Results showed that at least 1 outcome occurred in 28,530 adults w/o diabetes, 8729 with prediabetes & 4137 with T2D. It was concluded that cardiorenal disorder happened in individuals with HbA1c levels below the threshold for diabetes, highlighting the requirement for screening and preventive strategies.
Impact of Completeness of Revascularisation On Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Stable Ischemic HD
A study examined the frequency and outcomes of anatomic complete revascularization (CR) and ischemic/ functional CR compared with incomplete revascularization (ICR) in patients treated with an invasive approach. Anatomic and functional CR were achieved in 43.3% and 58.3% of patients resp. It was concluded that ACR was more strongly correlated with improved outcomes than FCR.
Hyperinvasive Approach in Refractory Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: Prague OHCA Study
A study was conducted for comparison of hyperinvasive approach (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and immediate invasive assessment) to standard treatment in OHCA. An advantageous impact was observed in 30-day neurological outcomes, 180-day mortality. It was concluded that the hyperinvasive approach is feasible and effective treatment strategy in refractory OHCA.
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control Trial in Patients with Heart Failure
An examination of rhythm control with ablation decreases all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Patients in the ablation-based rhythm control group showed numerically fewer primary outcome events, and higher improvement of left ventricular function, quality of life and reduction of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Does HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction Have a Different Prognosis?
The study compared patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) vs. heart failure with a reduced left ventricular fraction (HFrEF). No significant differences were observed. Patients with HFrEF showed reduced right ventricular function than HFPEF. Survival was lower in patients with HFrEF. It was concluded that patients with HFPEF have poor prognosis.
CABG Improves 10 Year Outcomes in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
The effect of CABG in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). In the normal, HFPEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups, the composite of HF hospitalisation and mortality was 18 +/- 0.5 percent, 21 +/- 1.6 percent, 35 +/- 1%, and 43 +/- 1%, respectively. CABG may benefit patients with HFPEF and coronary artery disease.
Physical Activity Correlates with Cardiovascular Function Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
The study hypothesized that cardiomyopathy (CM) and skeletal muscle activity are directly related. Less active subjects, with more time in Sed-1 activities, had lower LVEF and LVCI. Non-ambulatory patients had a stronger correlation with LVEF and ambulatory patients with LVCI. Reduced activity could more contribute to CM pathogenesis.
New Onset Ventricular Arrhythmias Following tPVR in the Native Right Ventricular Outflow tract
A study sought to analyse the incidence of and risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias (VA) occurrence & VA persistence after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in dysfunctional native right ventricular outflow tracts (nRVOT). 26/78 patients (33.3%) showed VA occurrence. VA were benign and transient. Patients with a transannular patch in the RVOT showed overall lower VA burden.
Cryoablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy as Initial Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation
Researchers evaluated changes in quality of life (QOL) with cryoablation vs antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy in the STOP atrial fibrillation (AF) First study. Cryoablation showed substantially higher improvement in the AF Effect on Quality of life summary and domain scores as compared to AAD group. It was concluded that first line cryoablation is superior to AAD.
Dose Triple Medication Pill: RADIANCE-HTN Trial
The study aimed to analyse blood pressure lowering effect in patients with resistant hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) group showed reduction in daytime ambulatory systolic BP (DASBP) by -9.7 mmHg vs -3.0 mmHg in the sham group. It was concluded that ultrasound RDN safely decreased BP in patients with hypertension resistant to a standardized single pill combination of 3 medicines.
VOYAGER PAD Trial
Bauersachs RM presented findings from the VOYAGER PAD trial that analysed the number of first and total events in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization (LER), including all limb and cardiovascular (CV) events and the efficacy of Rivaroxaban on events. Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily with Aspirin reduces adverse limb and CV events.
