Triglycerides and Residual Atherosclerosis Risk
The study shows triglycerides are at the least a risk marker and likely risk enhancer for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease even in low-risk persons who are not diabetic. In persons with low to moderate CV risk, hypertriglyceridemia was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, even in those with normal LDL-C levels.
Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer
Researchers examine the literature on venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Venous thromboembolism rates in cancer patients are 4-7 fold higher compared to healthy individuals, with approximately 15% of patients experiencing VTE. Conversely, 20% of unprovoked VTEs are the first sign of an underlying malignancy. The incidence of ATE was 4.7% in all patients with cancer.
Significance of Aortic Branch Aneurysms in Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS)
Aortic branch aneurysms were observed in one-quarter of patients with MFS, and the presence of these was independently associated with subsequent aortic surgery. The connective tissue abnormalities of MFS can result in abnormalities in the aortic branch vessels. However, the prevalence of aortic branch aneurysms is not established, and their clinical significance has not been clear.
Study Finds Cancer Increases Risk of AFib, But Varies Depending on Type of Cancer
Patients with cancer may be at higher risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib), although the impact on AFib development varies by cancer type. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, AFib was diagnosed in 25,356 patients with cancer. Patients with multiple myeloma or esophageal cancer showed the highest risk of AFib, and those with stomach cancer had the lowest risk of AFib.
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for CVD: New Studies, Continued Debate
The beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remain controversial due to disagreements over study design and choice of placebo. PUFA increases the rates of atrial fibrillation, emphasizing the importance of elucidating the true benefits of this class of medications. Despite the link, there remains debate about whether supplementation with PUFA improves cardiovascular outcomes.
Racial Disparities in Outcomes of Arrhythmias Among Patients Undergoing TAVR
Racial disparities in treatment and their impacts on outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement were studied. Patients with arrhythmia undergoing TAVR have statistically substantial racial differences in length of stay and cost of hospitalization. The mean length of stay was high in African Americans (7.7) and Hispanics (7) than Caucasians (5.6) in the arrhythmia group.
2012 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Guidelines Update - Reduced rates of heart Failure Hospital
The 2012 cardiac resynchronization therapy guidelines were modified to include left bundle branch block (LBBB) as a Class I indication for implant. HHF showed substantial reduction post update. Mortality alone was not substantially decreased. Presence of LBBB, history of previous device implant and implantation after guidelines were substantial multivariate predictors of reduced HHF risk.
Predictors of Cardiac Surgery Outcome with Pulmonary HTN Undergoing Mitral and Tricuspid Valve
Left ventricular ejection fraction and etiology of MV disease showed substantial correlation with post-op survival, respiratory failure and renal failure. Right ventricular size was predictive of survival only and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was correlated with respiratory failure only. Etiology above are prognostic factors of MV and TV surgery.
Perioperative Cardiometabolic Targets and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Mortality
A study examined the relationship between cardiometabolic perioperative optimization and mortality after coronary bypass surgery. Failure to reach systolic BP target was correlated with an increased 3yr cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Perioperative statin showed a protective effect on both. BP control and statin were 2 significant determinants for cardiovascular & all-cause mortality.
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure Change with Passive Leg Raise Discriminates Pulmonary Hypertension-l
Patients were classified into 2 groups, PH from left heart disease and PAH. Compare to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure at rest, PLR increased PAWP in both groups. PLR causes an increase in PAWP in both LHD and PAH because of preload increase with improved venous return in patients with PH. But disproportionate increase in PAWP with PLR in LHD could help differentiate it from PAH.
Imaging to Identify Changes in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension of Incremental Stages
Analyses of right ventricular function with 2D & 3D Echo to diagnose RV strain in incremental stages of pulmonary hypertension. RV radial shortening was affected in early stage of PH. RVmidFS, RVdFS, FAC are more sensitive to detect this change in mild PH. Longitudinal contraction is affected in more advanced stages. Current 3D RVEF method may not be sensitive enough to detect RV strain.
Sex Differences in the Genetic Risk for Hypertension
The study sought to analyse sex-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict hypertension. The PRS was highly correlated with incident hypertension in women than in men. The difference between women and men was even greater for early-onset hypertension. It was concluded that women showed more distinguishing genetic risk of hypertension than men.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Across the Glycemic Spectrum
Analysis of risks of diverse cardiorenal outcomes across the glycemic spectrum was done. Results showed that at least 1 outcome occurred in 28,530 adults w/o diabetes, 8729 with prediabetes & 4137 with T2D. It was concluded that cardiorenal disorder happened in individuals with HbA1c levels below the threshold for diabetes, highlighting the requirement for screening and preventive strategies.
Impact of Completeness of Revascularisation On Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Stable Ischemic HD
A study examined the frequency and outcomes of anatomic complete revascularization (CR) and ischemic/ functional CR compared with incomplete revascularization (ICR) in patients treated with an invasive approach. Anatomic and functional CR were achieved in 43.3% and 58.3% of patients resp. It was concluded that ACR was more strongly correlated with improved outcomes than FCR.
Hyperinvasive Approach in Refractory Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: Prague OHCA Study
A study was conducted for comparison of hyperinvasive approach (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and immediate invasive assessment) to standard treatment in OHCA. An advantageous impact was observed in 30-day neurological outcomes, 180-day mortality. It was concluded that the hyperinvasive approach is feasible and effective treatment strategy in refractory OHCA.
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control Trial in Patients with Heart Failure
An examination of rhythm control with ablation decreases all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Patients in the ablation-based rhythm control group showed numerically fewer primary outcome events, and higher improvement of left ventricular function, quality of life and reduction of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Does HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction Have a Different Prognosis?
The study compared patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) vs. heart failure with a reduced left ventricular fraction (HFrEF). No significant differences were observed. Patients with HFrEF showed reduced right ventricular function than HFPEF. Survival was lower in patients with HFrEF. It was concluded that patients with HFPEF have poor prognosis.
CABG Improves 10 Year Outcomes in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
The effect of CABG in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). In the normal, HFPEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups, the composite of HF hospitalisation and mortality was 18 +/- 0.5 percent, 21 +/- 1.6 percent, 35 +/- 1%, and 43 +/- 1%, respectively. CABG may benefit patients with HFPEF and coronary artery disease.
Physical Activity Correlates with Cardiovascular Function Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
The study hypothesized that cardiomyopathy (CM) and skeletal muscle activity are directly related. Less active subjects, with more time in Sed-1 activities, had lower LVEF and LVCI. Non-ambulatory patients had a stronger correlation with LVEF and ambulatory patients with LVCI. Reduced activity could more contribute to CM pathogenesis.
New Onset Ventricular Arrhythmias Following tPVR in the Native Right Ventricular Outflow tract
A study sought to analyse the incidence of and risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias (VA) occurrence & VA persistence after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in dysfunctional native right ventricular outflow tracts (nRVOT). 26/78 patients (33.3%) showed VA occurrence. VA were benign and transient. Patients with a transannular patch in the RVOT showed overall lower VA burden.
